![]() Claire Jones, a student of Dumisani Maraire in the 1970s, has been playing and teaching mbira for more than 40 years. Other notable influencers bringing mbira music out of Africa are: Dumisani Maraire, who brought marimba and karimba music to the American Pacific Northwest Ephat Mujuru, who was one of the pioneer teachers of mbira dzavadzimu in the United States and the writings and recordings of Zimbabwean musicians made by Paul Berliner. Their arrangements included numerous songs directly drawn from traditional mbira repertoire. These musicians included mbira on stage accompanying modern rock instruments such as electric guitar and bass, drum kit, and horns. It was popularized in the 1960s and early 1970s largely due to the successes of such musicians as Maurice White of the band Earth, Wind and Fire and Thomas Mapfumo in the 1970s. The kalimba is basically a westernized younger version of mbira. Tracey's design was modeled after the mbira nyunga nyunga and named ''Kalimba'' after an ancient predecessor of the mbira family of instruments. A modern interpretation of the instrument, the kalimba, was commercially produced and exported by ethnomusicologist Hugh Tracey in the late 1950s, popularising similar instruments outside of Africa.
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